Defoliants were mixtures of herbicides, most contained phenoxyacetic acid-based herbicides 3, 4-d, and 2,4,5T. Also detected a higher proportion of oral medication use compared to controls among Vietnam veterans with dioxin exposures as part of Operation Ranch Hand. This was called Operation Ranch Hand. Found insideHere are tales that will make readers laugh and cry and embrace with passion the calling of our better angels to change the way we take care of ourselves, our families, our communities, and the world. Agent Blue was used for crop destruction. In Operation Ranch Hand, C-123 cargo transport planes were used to spray herbicides. Found insideA study of how Air Force enlisted personnel helped shape the fi%ture Air Force and foster professionalism among noncommissioned officers in the 195Os. In October 1962 the U.S. begins defoliation efforts (Operation Ranch Hand using Agent Orange) to deprive communist guerrilla fighters (Viet Cong) both food and cover. This newspaper article is a primary source from 1966. Web. Operation Ranch Hand was a largely US Air Force program which began in 1962. Ranch Hand personnel, nicknamed "Cowboys," made purple their signature color. Agent Orange and Dioxin Hot Spots in Vietnam. Found insideThis book is a study of the process by which herbicidal military policy was made in Southeast Asia. Which one of the following was NOT a primary objective of Operation Ranch Hand? In 1962, President Kennedy approved Operation Ranch Hand. Washington, D.C., Office of Air Force History, 1982. This collection of historical vignettes seeks to sharpen our understanding of Mission Command philosophy and practice by providing examples from the past in which Mission Command principles played a decisive role. It all started in April 1961. I used this primary source to gain information about the time period of Operation Ranch Hand. Agent Orange is the code name given to a particular herbicide that was used extensively during the Vietnam War from 1962 to 1971.51 The herbicide contained an equal mixture of two phenoxy acids, one of which had an obligatory byproduct during its production, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, otherwise known as TCDD or dioxin. ... Chlorinated solvents were also detected in the aquifer that is the primary water source in the region. View Final History IA from HISTORY WRLDHIS2 at Brooke Point High. Presenting a fascinating insider's view of U.S.A.F. special operations, this volume brings to life the critical contributions these forces have made to the exercise of air & space power. This book's assessment is guided by four primary considerations: to be clear about what the assessment model does and does not claim to do; to gain understanding of the strengths and limitations of data on herbicide spraying, troop ... Besides Ranch Hand, other defoliation operations were named Trail Dust and Pink Rose. One of the primary chemicals used in Agent Orange, named so because the canisters they were transported in were painted with bright orange stripes, is 2,4-D, but other chemicals were also contained within those canisters. The original cohort of Ranch Hand personnel totaled 1,242 1 subjects who had served in the C-123 crews in Operation Ranch Hand herbicide spray missions and included pilots, copilots, navigators, spray operators, and ground support crews. Application of herbicides was primarily through cargo aircraft (C-123s), and ground mechanisms (i.e., trucks, backpack sprayers, and riverboats); helicopters also experienced limited use in certain areas of the country. William A. Buckingham, Jr., Operation Ranch Hand: The Air Force and Herbicides in Southeast Asia, 1961-1971. Agent Orange, the chemical weapon most notably used, was officially classified as a defoliant, and the US military has always denied it was intended against people. "This history has been written primarily from documents which are, or were at one time, in files of the Department of Defense and its subordinate agencies. I say buckle up folks the ride is about to get bumpy. It was one of the main mixtures used during Operation Ranch Hand. As a part of Operation Ranch Hand, they used herbicides to defoliate forests, remove enemy cover, and destroy food sources in Vietnam. Found inside – Page 507As with other Laotian air operations such as STEELTIGER and TIGER HOUND, ... Into 1969 occasional Operation RANCH HAND jungledefoliation missions were also ... Answer:Operation Ranch Hand had two primary objectives: (1) defoliation of trees and plants to improve visibility for military operations, and (2) destruction o… The original cohort of Ranch Hand personnel totaled 1,242 1 subjects who had served in the C-123 crews in Operation Ranch Hand herbicide spray missions and included pilots, copilots, navigators, spray operators, and ground support crews. Operation Ranch Hand: Definition, Strategy & Impact. In 1962, President John F. Kennedy approved Operation Ranch Hand. Found insideUpdated evaluations were conducted every two years to review newly available literature and draw conclusions from the overall evidence. Veterans and Agent Orange: Update 2014 is a cumulative report of the series thus far. This is a listing of AFSCs that potentially identify former USAF Reservists and active duty personnel with regular and repeated contact as flight, medical, or ground maintenance personnel associated with post - Vietnam Operation Ranch Hand C-123 aircraft. Agent Orange, which contained Dioxin, was the most commonly used of the herbicide mixtures, and the most efficient. Page 1 Operation Ranch Hand Herbicides Southeast Asia--Amounts Used1961-1971" Page 2 Diseases Linked To Agent Orange Exposure ... Data Sources: SIPRI, 1976 and Cecil, 1986. 7. Rice and fish, sources of food and economic security, are the dominate food crops of Vietnam. Operation PACER IVY was the responsibility of the 7th Air Force with assistance from Operation Ranch Hand units and the ACC. The workload for this position is 40 hr./wk., 8:00 am – 4:00 pm. Retrieved 19 April 2015. "The term Operation Ranch Hand was the military code name for the spraying of herbicides from U.S. Air Force aircraft in Southeast Asia from 1962 through 1971.". "Between 1962 and 1971, Ranch Hand sprayed about 19 million gallons of herbicide, 11 million of which consisted of Agent Orange. If the primary target was too "hot," the Ranch Hand flight would spray a … US bombing strategies failed. The last mission of Operation Ranch Hand was carried out during 9 years of the ranch hand Operation. The nightmares and guilt about killing are gone, and so is the callous on his soul. Life and Death in the Central Highlands is a gripping, personal account of one soldier's war in the Vietnam War The war exacted a huge human cost in terms of fatalities (See: Vietnam War casualties), including 3 to 4 million Vietnamese from both sides, between 1.5 to 2 million Laotians and Cambodians, and 58,159 U.S. soldiers. On January 12, 1962, Operation Ranch Hand Begins. Where can I find primary source documents regarding Operation Ranch Hand, the U.S. chemical defoliation program in Vietnam? (accessed December 6, 2013). Agent Orange. History Internal Assessment How did the use of Agent Orange effect Vietnam and the United States pre and post-war? Most of the fifteen essays are contributed by current or former faculty of the School of Advanced Airpower Studies at Maxwell Air Force Base, Alabama. Adverse environmental, health, and eco nomic consequences of the herbicide war are examined. Operation Rolling Thunder. Worksheet. Oldprops. Though Operation Trail Dust is said to have become the official codename for all such spraying operations, the codename Ranch Hand remained in common use to refer to crews and aircraft involved in the operations and the operations themselves. Agent Orange received its name from its distinctive packaging, an orange striped 55 gallon drum. SOURCES [Nixon] No More Vietnams by Richard Nixon [Parade Magazine] August 18, 1996 page 10. This involved the spraying of chemicals from the air in an attempt to destroy the NLF hiding places. LIVESTRONG.COM. Ranch Hand primarily sprayed Agent Purple, Agent White, and the most widely-used herbicide, Agent Orange, for defoliation. Retrieved 20 April 2015. On August 1, 2021 (per Trumps 2018 EO all declass must be done on or before August 1, 2021) this will be the 213th day of the year. The war saw the U.S. Air Force and their South Vietnamese allies fly thousands of massive low-altitude bombing missions over North and South Vietnam as well as over sites of suspected Communist activity in neighboring Laos and Cambodia. The U.S. program, code-named Operation Ranch Hand, sprayed more than 20 million gallons of various herbicides over Vietnam, Cambodia and Laos fr. Thailand’s strong connection to Operation RANCH HAND demonstrates that its bases received a steady supply of herbicides. The U.S. was supporting South Vietnam - resisting the spread of communism, while the primary enemy - North Vietnam and the Viet Cong, were supported by China, the Soviet Union, and other smaller communist allies. Found insideThis book updates and evaluates the available scientific evidence regarding statistical associations between diseases and exposure to dioxin and other chemical compounds in herbicides used in Vietnam, focusing on new scientific studies and ... "Symptoms of Agent Orange in Vietnam Veterans." Although approximately 12% of southern Viet Nam was sprayed during Operation Ranch Hand, only very limited areas are now considered highly toxic due to … This book updates and evaluates the available scientific evidence regarding statistical associations between diseases and exposure to dioxin and other chemical compounds in herbicides used in Vietnam, focusing on new scientific studies and ... Found insideAt the request of the VA, Post-Vietnam Dioxin Exposure in Agent Orange-Contaminated C-123 Aircraft evaluates whether or not service in these C-123s could have plausibly resulted in exposures detrimental to the health of these Air Force ... Operation Ranch Hand involved the widespread use of Agent Orange, a chemical compound developed by Dow Chemical to serve as a defoliant—meaning it would kill crops and other vegetation in the areas where sprayed—that would aid in rapidly clearing areas of the Vietnamese countryside that might provide cover to enemy troops and … This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. Operation : Ranch Hand. During the entire operation, approximately 1,250 military personnel served in Ranch Hand units. While they were not officially part of Air Commando units, for security reasons, they … This book was commissioned by The Office of the Deputy Under Secretary of Defense (Installations and Environment) with the intent of providing documentation of the knowledge on the history, use, disposition and environmental fate of Agent ... Operation Ranch Hand involved the widespread use of Agent Orange, a chemical compound developed by Dow Chemical to serve as a defoliant—meaning it would kill crops and other vegetation in the areas where sprayed—that would aid in rapidly clearing areas of the Vietnamese countryside that might provide cover to enemy troops and … The Wall), Center for Electronic Records, National Archives, Washington, DC [All That We Can Be] All That We Can Be by Charles C. Moskos and John Sibley Butler President Kennedy and General Curtis LeMay, 1961, as LeMay is sworn in as Chief of Staff, June 30 1961. William A. Buckingham, “Operation Ranch Hand – The air force and herbicides in Southeast Asia, 1961-1971”, Office of Air Force History, Washington D.C., 1982, 16. To fully realise this potential, much work needs to be done by a wide range of stakeholders. Between 1961 and 1971, mixtures of herbicides were utilized by the U.S. military against the Republic of Vietnam forces1 (Figure 1). Operation Ranch Hand spanned from 1962 to 1971, and about 19 million gallons of defoliants were sprayed on 3.6 acres located in Vietnam and Laos. ProQuest Historical Newspapers , hn.bigchalk.com. It all started in April 1961. This air spray program was code named Operation Ranch Hand. The request by Diem launched a debate in the White House and the State and Defense Departments. It works as a defoliant killing broad leafed plants and weeds by inducing rapid and uncontrolled growth, causing the plants to loose all of their leaves. ABOUT OPERATION RANCH HAND VIETNAM SOUTHEAST ASIA 1961–1971. Nearly 20000000 gallons of agents were sprayed on 30000 square miles, or 77000 square kilometers, of forests and agricultural land of that over 60% were treated with agent orange. Updated evaluations are conducted every two years to review newly available literature and draw conclusions from the overall evidence.Veterans and Agent Orange: Update 2012 reviews peer-reviewed scientific reports concerning associations ... AO, named for the color of its storage containers, was used extensively as a defoliant in the Vietnam War. The number of military and civilian deaths from 1955 to 1975 is debated. Chemicals were sprayed using a variety of methods, including helicopter airdrops and hand spraying.3 Many soldiers assigned to Operation Ranch Hand Worksheet. In 1969 alone, Operation Ranch Hand destroyed 1,034,300 hectares of forest. Operation Ranch Hand In 1961, President Ngo Dinh Diem of South Vietnam asked the United States to conduct aerial herbicide spraying in his country. Operation Ranch Hand. The Department of Defense bans the use of Agent Orange amid ongoing controversy over the use of defoliants in Vietnam and greatly curtails defoliation operations in general. The U.S. Air Force conducted Operation Trail Dust. Defoliants were mixtures of herbicides, most contained phenoxy acetic acid-based herbicides Using a defoliating herbicide named "Agent Orange", over 10% of the vegetation in Vietnam is destroyed during the course of the war. The elements executing Operation RANCH HAND have been reduced to a single unit of eight aircraft. Agent Orange was a powerful herbicide used by U.S. military forces during the Vietnam War to eliminate forest cover and crops for North Vietnamese and Viet Cong troops. NOTE: NO FURTHER DISCOUNT FOR THIS PRINT PRODUCT-- OVERSTOCK SALE -- Significantly reduced list price USDA-NRCS. Issued in spiral ringboundbinder. By Philip J. Schoeneberger, et al. Accessed 15 Oct. 2017. The largest volume of herbicide was applied from the air by C-123 "Provider" twin-engine aircraft. The B-52 heavy bomber, developed by Boeing in the late 1940s, helped the U.S. and South Vietnamese dominate the skies, along with smaller, more easily maneuverable fighter pl… Operation Ranch Hand, designed to destroy foliage and crops in an effort to deprive the enemy of overhead cover and food. The body of Air Force Captain Fergus Coleman Groves II, who was killed in a plane crash in South Vietnam February 2, is being returned to Louisville for burial. A full pdf file of the document is available here. The U.S. sprayed over 20 million U.S. gallons of herbicide over 6 million acres of South Vietnam. The US Air Force organised a bombing campaign of Northern Vietnam from 1965-1972. One of the primary chemicals used in Agent Orange, named so because the canisters they were transported in were painted with bright orange stripes, is 2,4-D, but other chemicals were also contained within those canisters. The codenames Ranch Hand and Trail Dust are both associated with herbicide and other aerial spraying operations in Southeast Asia between 1962 and 1971 using specifically configured UC-123B and UC-123K aircraft. The number of military and civilian deaths from 1955 to 1975 is debated. Agent Orange is a toxic chemical herbicide that was used from about 1965 – 1970 in the Vietnam War. Operations Ranch Hand and Trail Dust "The term Operation Ranch Hand was the military code name for the spraying of herbicides from U.S. Air Force aircraft in Southeast Asia from 1962 through 1971." Monsanto is one of the "Big 6" Biotech Corporations, along with BASF, Bayer, Dow Chemical Company, Dupont, and Syngenta (so called because they dominate the agricultural input market -- that is, they own the world’s seed, pesticide and biotechnology industries).. SAFETY: Monsanto's Roundup herbiside is the most used in the United States. ^ Taylor 1969, pp. destruction through a program codenamed Operation Ranch Hand (IOM, 2001). PACER IVY procedures included identification of unused herbicides, transport of the identified herbicides to a central location in Vietnam for relabeling, and, for about half of the barrels, re-drumming before shipment. DISABLED VETERANS.ORG – Redeeming The Promise Of A Square Deal The defoliant also causes severe disabilities among Vietnam veterans.. During Operation Ranch Hand the U. S. Air Fo… (The CACF is the basis for the Vietnam Veterans Memorial, i.e. Remarkably informative and candid for an official history of so controversial a program. Contents: (1) History of Post-War U.S.-Vietnam Relations and the Agent Orange Issue; (2) U.S. Gov¿t. The U.S. Air Force launches Operation Ranch Hand to deny the Vietcong the use of the road and trails. This volume will be critically important to both policymakers and physicians in the federal government, Vietnam veterans and their families, veterans organizations, researchers, and health professionals. The United States government used Agent Orange in Vietnam to reduce the amount of vegetation in heavy combat zones and around military bases in an effort to reduce the effectiveness of the North Vietnamese guerilla forces. The origin of the herbicide war is traced to a set of interrelated do mestic and geopolitical tensions, including contradictions in the US economy, the asymmetrical power relations in the This was called Operation Ranch Hand. Primary sources about the usage of Agent Orange and about Operation Ranch Hand (self.AskHistorians) submitted 10 months ago by AnChrisp to r/AskHistorians 2 comments Secondary Sources Websites Boehlke, Julie. 323–324. Primary Sources Archive: Operation Overviews The articles published in this Primary Sources Archive are as follows: Able Sentry, Serbia-Macedonia, 5 Jul 1994 (6213 Reads) ... Operation Ranch Hand - January 1962 (2262 Reads) Operation Ranch Hand, Vietnam, Jan 62-1971 (3905 Reads) 7. The complete text of the 1998 VA ruling can be read here. The war exacted a huge human cost in terms of fatalities (See: Vietnam War casualties), including 3 to 4 million Vietnamese from both sides, between 1.5 to 2 million Laotians and Cambodians, and 58,159 U.S. soldiers. ... Chlorinated solvents were also detected in the aquifer that is the primary water source in the region. Found insideGuide for social studies teachers in using primary sources, particularly those available from the National Archives, to teach history. Herbicides were also used around the perimeters of fire bases to keep the concertina wire clear of vegetation, providing an open view for sentries on guard duty. The devastating mission, dubbed Operation Ranch Hand, used various herbicides in an effort to defoliate the forest, making hidden enemies easier … Operation Ranch Hand was a largely US Air Force program which began in 1962. The codenames Ranch Hand and Trail Dust are both associated with herbicide and other aerial spraying operations in Southeast Asia between 1962 and 1971 using specifically configured UC-123B and UC-123K aircraft. Agent Orange. Featuring a previously published author introduction, a personal foreword by his son and a new introduction by his grandson, a definitive edition of the lauded World War I classic collects all 39 of the Nobel Prize-winning author's ... Carl Marshall, CO of the Special Aerial Spray Flight (SASF) stationed at Langley AFB Va. received an inquiry as to the feasibility of using aerial applications of defoliants in Southeast Asia. The report is designed to support broad discussions related to agricultural land ownership and to provide a starting point for more detailed statistical analysis. Figures and tables. This is a print on demand report. The unofficial program mascot was a parody of Smokey the Bear with the motto, “Only you can prevent a forest”. Primary Sources “Defoliation Plan Called Dangerous.” The Hartford Courant , 1 Dec. 1967. It was developed by the US military upon the advice of British consultants who had used similar operations battling insurgents in Malaya, and consisted of the use of herbicides and other chemicals to defoliate large swathes of Vietnam’s forests and jungles. C-123 Providers were used in Vietnam in special aerial spray flights, Operation Ranch Hand, and as troop carriers in Project Mule Train. This document released by the United States Air Force entails the entirety of Operation Ranch Hand from its shaky beginnings in 1961 to its quick demise in 1971. Compensation: $19/hr, assistance to find housing Job summary: The Range Technician’s primary role is to work as part of a team to move several herds of cattle daily in a scientifically based, management-intensive grazing program. [CACF] (Combat Area Casualty File) November 1993. The United States program of defoliation code named Operation Ranch Hand, sprayed more than 19 million gallons of herbicides over 4.5 million acres of land in Vietnam from 1961 to 1972. The total number of gallons of herbicide sprayed are in the millions. Air Emissions from Animal Feeding Operations: Current Knowledge, Future Needs discusses the need for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency to implement a new method for estimating the amount of ammonia, nitrous oxide, methane, and other ... This report is one of several studies conducted by UNODC on organized crime threats around the world. If you add Aug 1st (1+2+1+3=7) which is Gods divine number. Similarities between the Rules in Thailand and Vietnam were also necessary due to Operation RANCH HAND activities in Thailand. Washington: Office of Air Force History & GPO, 1982. xi, 253 pp. The cost to the environment was apparent to anyone who flew over Vietnam. Operation Ranch Hand was a large-scale U.S. military chemical weapons operation during the Vietnam War. Operation Ranch Hand: the Air Force and Herbicides in Southeast Asia, 1961-1971 William A. Buckingham. Found insideUltimately, this study is about a smaller Vietnam War than that which is commonly recalled. Provides the final report of the 9/11 Commission detailing their findings on the September 11 terrorist attacks. As the public increasingly questioned the war in Vietnam, a group of American scientists deeply concerned about the use of Agent Orange and other herbicides started a movement to ban what they called “ecocide.” David Zierler traces this ... Diem's harsh style of governing and favoritism of Catholic to Buddhist Vietnamese, along with the growth of political opposition to his regime undermined U.S. support. During the Vietnam War, United States armed forces carried out a military campaign called Operation Ranch Hand, which used chemical defoliants to eliminate plant cover and destroy enemy food crops. The most used herbicide was a mixture called Agent Orange, named for the orange stripe on its steel container drums. Air Force Health Study—In 1979, Congress directed that a study be conducted of the military personnel likely to have been the most highly exposed to Agent Orange herbicide in Vietnam: those who conducted missions as part of Operation Ranch Hand. Operation Ranch Hand Label from public data source Wikidata; Operation Ranch Hand (1962-1971) Sources. Found insideGen Henry H. “Hap.” Arnold, US Army Air Forces (AAF) Chief of Staff during World War II, maintained diaries for his several journeys to various meetings and conferences throughout the conflict. "The Incomplete Guide to Airfoil Usage". During the American War, US military forces released over 72 million litres of herbicide into the environment of southern Viet Nam in a code-named mission called Operation Ranch Hand that extended from 1962 to 1971. Page 1 Operation Ranch Hand Herbicides Southeast Asia--Amounts Used1961-1971" Page 2 Diseases Linked To Agent Orange Exposure ... Data Sources: SIPRI, 1976 and Cecil, 1986. Ranch Hand Esprit de Corps The roughly 1,250 Airmen who served in Ranch Hand had strong unit pride, or esprit de corps. This study was designed as a … Capable of building, repairing and maintaining ranch facilities, including installation, repair and general maintenance of pasture fencing and gates (welding skills are a plus). Operation Ranch Hand. The final defoliation mission of the war occurs on May 9 using Agent White. This book includes pictures of those operations, unveils what had been a US government secret war, and adds a substantial contribution to understanding the wider war in Southeast Asia. The Fairchild C-123 Provider is an American military transport aircraft designed by Chase Aircraft and then built by Fairchild Aircraft for the U.S. Air Force.In addition to its USAF service, which included later service with the Air Force Reserve and the Air National Guard, it also went on to serve most notably with the U.S. Coast Guard and various air forces in Southeast Asia. Originally labeled Operation Hades, the US Air Force program’s code name soon changed to the more palatable Operation Ranch Hand. As Ranch Hand missions drew greater enemy reaction, a tactic called "heavy suppression" was used whereby several fighter aircraft bombed the target area a few minutes before it was sprayed. The various herbicides used during Operation Ranch Hand were referred to by the colored marks on the 55-gallon drums in which the chemicals were shipped and stored. In addition to Agent Orange, the U.S. military used herbicides named Agent Pink, Agent Green, Agent Purple, Agent White and Agent Blue. A primary source explaining the U.S. military operation during the Vietnam War, that involved spraying roughly 20 million gallons of herbicides called Operation Ranch Hand. ^ Lednicer, David. In 1969 alone, Operation Ranch Hand destroyed 1,034,300 hectares of forest. The author provides Army Chemical Corps personnel are a source of many health reports, but they handled very small amounts of herbicides and large quantities of other chemicals. The key chemical in Roundup is glyphosate. Vietnam, Cambodia, and Laos under Operation Ranch Hand are then discussed. Found insideIt is the story of how the situation appeared to him as he worked to help Vietnam achieve peace and freedom and why he still believes that by encouraging the military revolt against Diem, the Kennedy administration set the stage for the ... The source was told that it would be possible. This study was designed as a … ^ Green 1967, pp. One of the major problems of the US forces was the detection of the NLF hiding in the forests of Vietnam. This volume covers how the engineers grew from a few advisory detachments to a force of more than 10 percent of the Army troops serving in South Vietnam. It was composed of a mixture of 2,4-dichloro-phenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 2,4,5-trichloro-phenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T). Symone Price 6 ^ "Fairchild C-123 Provider Census". It was developed by the US military upon the advice of British consultants who had used similar operations battling insurgents in Malaya, and consisted of the use of herbicides and other chemicals to defoliate large swathes of Vietnam’s forests and jungles. One of the most significant problems faced by the U.S. and their allies were the guerrilla tacti… Found insideIn this dual autobiography, father and son discuss their war experiences in Vietnam, how the tragedy of cancer--caused by exposure to Agent Orange--has affected their lives, and how their courage and love for each other helps them with ... Print. 5. "All Those Others So Unfortunate": Vietnam and the Global Legacies of the Chemical War -- Conclusion: Agent Orange and the Limits of Science and History -- Notes -- Index -- Back Cover Some declassified sections of Project AGILE are available here. Although the number of U.S. military personnel exposed to herbicides is impossible to determine precisely, the majority of those assigned to Operation Ranch Hand can be presumed to have been exposed to Agent Orange and other herbicides. 2. Operate and maintain tractors and other ranch equipment. Groves, 27, was a 1955 University of Louisville graduate and was a military honor student. jurisdiction of all claims for service-connected (SC) disability or death associated with Agent Orange exposure through regular and repeated duties flying on, or maintaining, contaminated former Operation Ranch Hand (ORH) C-123 aircraft, which were used to spray Agent Orange in Vietnam. Operation RANCH HAND. 1. In response to President Ngo Dinh Diem's abrogation of the 1956 reunification election and suppression of communists during the late 1950s, Hanoi had begun sending arms and materiel to the Vietcong (VC), who were fighting an insurgency to topple the American-supported Saigon government. (Ranch Hand was an Air Force as opposed to an Army operation.) This is a listing of AFSCs that potentially identify former USAF Reservists and active duty personnel with regular and repeated contact as flight, medical, or ground maintenance personnel associated with post - Vietnam Operation Ranch Hand C-123 aircraft. President Ngo Dinh Diem requests the operation and President Kennedy approves it in 1961. 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